Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, commonly referred to as CPR, is performed when a patient’s heart has ceased beating.
This involves promptly assessing the patient and administering chest compressions and rescue breaths. Health professionals emphasize that CPR is a vital skill not exclusive to medical personnel but essential for everyone.
The British Heart Foundation highlights that during cardiac arrest, the heart ceases to circulate blood, depriving the brain of oxygen.
“Without CPR, the person will die in minutes. CPR keeps the heart pumping blood around the body until emergency help arrives,” it added.
Administering CPR effectively can greatly increase someone’s chance of survival in a medical emergency. Here are some key ways to do so:
- Check for responsiveness: Before starting CPR, assess if the person is conscious and responsive. Gently shake or tap the person and ask loudly if they are okay.
- Call for help: If the person is unresponsive and not breathing normally, immediately call for emergency medical assistance or ask someone nearby to call while you begin CPR.
- Perform chest compressions: Place the heel of one hand on the center of the person’s chest, between the nipples. Place the other hand on top and interlock your fingers. Position yourself directly over the person’s chest and push down firmly, allowing the chest to recoil completely between compressions. Aim for a rate of about 100 to 120 compressions per minute.
- Give rescue breaths: After 30 compressions, tilt the person’s head back gently and lift the chin to open the airway. Pinch the nose shut and give two breaths into the person’s mouth, watching for the chest to rise with each breath.
- Continue cycles of compressions and breaths: Perform cycles of 30 compressions followed by two breaths. Continue CPR until emergency medical help arrives, or the person shows signs of responsiveness and breathing.
- Use an automated external defibrillator (AED), if available: If an AED is accessible, follow the instructions provided with the device. AEDs can analyze the person’s heart rhythm and deliver a shock if needed to restore normal heart function.
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